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ANTH 420

History and Archaeology of Pirates, Privateers, and Sea Raiders

Piotr (Peter) Bojakowski, PhD

Office hours: 9:15-10:15, Tuesday/Thursday (or by appointment)
Location: ANTH 105B
Email: piotr.bojakowski@tamu.edu

Course Description

This is a 400-level survey course on history and archaeology of piracy, privateering, and sea raiding from ancient times in the eastern Mediterranean, through the Viking Era in the Northern Atlantic, and the advent of piracy in the New World and Caribbean in the 16th to 18th centuries. It includes sections on sociology of contemporary piracy in Africa and the Indian Ocean, and sensationalism of pirate legend and the cultural responses to the influences of the pirate phenomenon, both cinematographic and literary.

Throughout the course, you will be:

  1. examining the historic and archaeological record of piratical activities,
  2. analyzing the sociology of seafaring communities,
  3. evaluating the economic impact of piracy on contemporary societies, including the present,
  4. examining the archaeological evidence of pirate ventures in various geographical areas,
  5. assessing the sensationalism of pirate legend, and
  6. studying cultural responses to the influences of the pirate phenomenon, both musical, cinematographic, and literary.

As a result of these six objectives, you will understand the unique role that piracy has played in the development and promotion of ancient Empires and the Americas from the 15th to 18th centuries. Additionally, you will be introduced to the contemporary (21st century) world of piracy in order to contextualize the role it has played in the early modern world and the development of the modern world-system in many parts of the globe today.

Course Prerequisites

Junior or senior classification 

Special Course Designation

none

Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, students will be able to:

  • Summarize the origins, causes, and major periods of piracy, privateering, and sea raiding in world history.
  • Analyze popular narratives of piracy and the portrayal of pirates, privateers, and sea raiders in cinematography and literature.
  • Evaluate the effects of piracy, privateering, and sea raiding on international law and commerce, colonialism, slavery, political sovereignty, and national identity.
  • Articulate how modern-day piracy differs from its historic precedents.
Textbook and/or Resource Materials
There is no textbook required for this course. All required readings are available through the Texas A&M University Evans Library or will be otherwise posted by the instructor in Canvas.  Here is a list of the most relevant resource materials:

  • Bojakowski, P., & Custer‐Bojakowski, K. (2017). Warwick: report on the excavation of an early 17th‐century English shipwreck in Castle Harbour, Bermuda. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 46(2), 284–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/1095-9270.12263 
  • Bojakowski, P., & Bojakowski, K. C. (2023). Warwick: An Interim Report on Artefact Assemblage
  • Recovered from the Early 17th-Century English Ship, Castle Harbour, Bermuda. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 52(2), 336–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2023.2224014 
  • Burnett, John S. (2003). Dangerous Waters: Modern Piracy and Terror on the High Seas. Penguin Group.
  • Burg, B.R. (1995). Sodomy and the Pirate Tradition: English Sea Rovers in the Seventeenth-Century Caribbean.  New York University Press, New York.
  • Cordingly, D. (2006). Under the Black Flag: The Romance and the Reality of Life Among the Pirates. Random House, New York.
  • Exquemelin, A. O. The Buccaneers of America. Dover Publications. ISBN-13: 9780486409665.
  • Fisher, G. (1974). Barbary legend: war trade and piracy in north Africa 1415-1830. Greenwood Press.
  • Gardiner R. & Christensen A. E. (1996). The earliest ships: the evolution of boats into ships. Naval Institute Press.
  • Johnson, C. (1724). A General History of the Robberies & Murders of the Most Notorious Pirates. Reprinted by the Conway Maritime Press, New York, New York
  • Katzev, S.W. (2005) “Resurrecting an Ancient Greek Ship: Kyrenia, Cyprus,” in “Beneath the Seven Seas,” edited by George F. Bass. New York and London. pp. 72-79.
  • Katzev, S.W. (2007). “The Ancient Ship of Kyrenia, Beneath Cyprus Seas”. In Valavanis, Pavos; Hardy, David (eds.). Great Moments in Greek Archaeology. Oxford University Press. p. 286-299.
  • Konstam, A. (2003) The Pirate Ship 1660-1730. Osprey Publishing, Oxford.
  • Latimer, J. (2009). Buccaneers of the Caribbean: how piracy forged an empire. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674054172.
  • Leeson, P. T. (2009). The Invisible Hook: The Hidden Economics of Pirates. Princeton N.J: Princeton University Press.
  • Muckelroy, K. (1978). Maritime archaeology. Cambridge University Press
  • Ormerod, H. A. (1987). Piracy in the ancient world. Dorset Press.
  • Parry, J. H. (1981). The age of reconnaissance. University of California Press.
  • Skowronek, R. K., and C. R. Ewan. (2006). X Marks the Spot: The Archaeology of Piracy. University Press of Florida, Gainesville
  • Steffy, J. R. (1994). Wooden ship building and the interpretation of shipwrecks (1st ed.). Texas A & M University Press.
  • Stevenson, R. L. Treasure Island. Various Publishing Houses.
Canvas

This class will use Canvas (Canvas.tamu.edu) for assignments, readings, announcements, etc. Students are responsible for all required readings, assignment guidelines, and announcements posted in Canvas. If classes need to be moved online, a Zoom (or MS Teams) link will be integrated into the Canvas classroom. Email messages, however, should be sent directly to Dr. Bojakowski at piotr.bojakowski@tamu.edu.

Grading Policy:
  • A grading scale for the assignments is of a letter grade (A through F) as calculated via equivalent percentage points: A (90-100%), B (80-89%), C (70-79%), D (60-69%), and F (<60%). 
  • Students will be assigned 1 in-class oral presentation report (15-20 min in length) on selected topics provided by the instructor (see Course Schedule for selected topics). The presentation is worth a total of 15 points (15% of your grade) 

Class Presentations: these should be 15-20 minutes in length (standard conference length) and in a PowerPoint or PDF format. They should be accompanied by a short 1-page handout (can be doublesided) for the class summarizing the presented information and any relevant historical background. All students must provide a bibliography of at least 3-4 academic sources on the last slide of their presentation; 2 of these sources may be from the internet on the condition that the websites are academic in nature and properly cited within the presentation. Presentation (of no less than 15 min) is worth 13pts while the handout is worth 2pts for a total of 15pts (15% of your grade).

There will be two (2) non-cumulative exams based on lecture materials, assigned readings, and class presentations (based on handouts)

Students will select their preferred topics and write a research paper (8-10 pages); the research paper must be relevant to one of the class modules (detailed guidelines will be provided to the students and posted in Canvas).

All written work during this course is formal in nature. The final research (or opinion paper) should be typed in black ink with standard 1” margins and a 12-point font, and uploaded to Canvas. The paper should be between 8 and 10 pages of text in length (excluding a cover page and a final page (or pages) of bibliography). A paper abstract and an initial list of relevant sources (annotated bibliography) must be submitted at least 6 weeks before the paper is due.

If you worry about your writing, I suggest the following text to improve grammar, structure, and argument in English: Strunk, William and E.B. White (1999) The Elements of Style, 4th Edition. ISBN:9780205309023.

  • The graded assignments for all students in the course are as follows:
Course Grading:

Assignments and Points (Grade %) to Earn:

Due Date  Assignment  Grade % 
As assigned  Oral Presentation (w/ a handout)*  15% 
Week 8  Exam #1  20% 
Week 10  Term Paper Title and Abstract (w/ annotated bibliography of 4-5 sources)  10% 
Week 14  Exam #2  20% 
Week 16  Term Paper (min. of 8-10 pgs.)  25% 
T/Th. (Daily)  Attendance and Participation  10% 

*) Based on the assigned dates for individual students 

This course is structured in a way that acknowledges that students have different learning styles. Each module will have some time devoted to different learning styles: watching, listening and doing. Additionally, the course is structured to allow for more active learning and interaction with the instructor and other students through class presentations and discussions. For example, you will be actively researching materials and sharing it in the class.

Graded Class Participation – The university views class attendance and participation as an individual student responsibility. Students are expected to attend class and to complete all assignments. Please refer to Student Rule 7 in its entirety for information about excused absences, including definitions, and related documentation and timelines. Attendance and participation will constitute 10% of your grade.

Graded AttendanceAttendance will be collected at the beginning of each class via www.PollEverywhere.com – “Exit Ticket” 

Late Work Policy
  • Late assignments will be accepted only up to 3 days past the deadline. 
  • Late work will be penalized by one letter grade (or 10%) every day it is late. After the third day, late work will be assigned a zero grade (0%). 
  • Exams cannot be re-taken on a different day or time 

Work submitted by a student as makeup work for an excused absence is not considered late work and is exempted from the late work policy (Student Rule 7)

Course Schedule

(The schedule is a subject to change, revisions, and refinements which will be posted)

Week 1 Intro to Archaeology and Human Geography

Introduction (History and Human Geography)

  • Syllabus, Assignments, Grading, and Policies

Introduction to Anthropology, Archaeology, and Nautical Archaeology

  • Individual Presentation Assignments and Guidelines

Weekly Readings:

Week 2 Piracy in the Old World

History and Archaeology of Piracy in the Old World, Part I

History and Archaeology of Piracy in the Old World, Part II

Weekly Readings:

  • Ormerod H. A. (1987), Chapter 2
Week 3 Old World Seafaring Technology

Old World Seafaring, Ships, and Maritime Technology

Student Presentations:

    • Sea People (1)
    • Rome, Pirates, and the Slave Trade (2)
    • How Vandals Became Maritime? (3)

Weekly Readings:

Week 4 Early Medieval Sea Raiders

Northern European Sea Raiders

Student Presentations:

    • Raid on the Church of St. Cuthbert in Lindisfarne (4)
    • Viking Raiders Ascend (and Stay) on English Isles (5)
    • Viking Entrance into the Mediterranean (6)

Weekly Readings: 

Week 5 Post-Medieval Privateering

European Expansion into the New World (15-16th centuries)

Student Presentations:

    • Frisians Pirates, Hanseatic League, Victual Brothers (7)
    • Elizabethan Seadogs: Sir John Hawkins (8)
    • Elizabethan Seadogs: Sir Francis Drake (9)

Weekly Readings: 

  • Steffy J. R.  (1994), pages 266-298 – illustrated glossary of ship and boat terms Parry J. H. (1981), Part II, pages 177-189. 
Week 6 Early Piracy in the New World

Nautical Terminology, and Life Aboard Ships (15-18th centuries)

Early Privateering: Earl of Warwick and his ships, Parts I & II

Weekly Readings:

  • Bojakowski, P., K. Custer-Bojakowski (2017), pages 284-302; (2023), pages 336–352
Week 7 Buccaneers and Pirates in the New World

The Settlement of the Caribbean and European Trade (17-18th centuries)

  • Archaeology of Port Royal, Jamaica
  • Introduction to Abstract w/ Annotated Bibliography
  • Pirate Lairs and Sociology of Piracy

Weekly Readings:

  • Skowronek, R. K., and C. R. Ewan. (2006), Port Royal & Jean Lafitte Burg, B.R. (1995), Chapter 4
Week 8 Review & Exam #1

Exam Review

Exam #1 

Week 9 Spring Break – No Classes
Week 10 The Logistics and Ships of Piracy in the Caribbean

Ships of the Caribbean and Beyond: 

  • Archaeology of Pirate Ships (The Speaker and the Fiery Dragon) 
  • Archaeology of Pirate Ships (Whydah and Queen Anne’s Revenge) 
  • Term Paper Title, Abstract, and Annotated Bibliography – Due Today! 

Student Presentations:

    • Sir Henry Morgan (10)
    • Capts. Avery and Martel (11)
    • Captain Teach (Blackbeard) (12)

Weekly Readings:

  • Cordingly, D. (2006), Chapters 6 and 7
  • The Pirate Ship (film), and/or Real Caribbean Pirates (film) – available on YouTube 
Week 11 Height and Decline of Piracy

Height and Decline of Piracy; Archaeological Markers of Piracy

  • Introduction to Final Research Paper

Student Presentations:

    • Captain Bonnet and England (13)
    • Captain Bartolomeu Roberts (14)
    • Captain Kidd (15)
Week 12 Gender and Piracy

Gender, Sexuality, and Seafaring; Female Pirates and Sea Raiders (guest lecture) 

Student Presentations:  

    • Anne Bonney and Mary Read (16) 
    • Calico Jack Rackam and Charlotte de Berry (17)
    • Zheng Yi Sao (Ching Shih) (18) or 
    • Grace O’Malley and Rachel Wall (…) 
Week 13 The Influence of Piracy in Art, Cinema, and Culture

Artistic and Literary Representations of Piracy 

Student Presentations: 

    • U.S. Privateers and Smugglers of the Revolutionary (or Civil) War (19) 
    • U.S. Barbary Wars and Piracy (20) 
    • Piracy in Myth (or Reality) on the Ohio River (21) or 
    • Music and Movie Piracy, Its Effect, and Free Streaming (…) 
Week 14 Review and Exam #2

Exam Review
Exam #2 

Week 15 Piracy vs. Terrorism

The Realities of Modern Piracy: Piracy vs. Terrorism (e.g. Somali Pirates) 

  • Stolen Seas (documentary film), part 1 

Pirates in Southeast Asia; Refugee Crisis in Europe

  • Stolen Seas (documentary film), part 2
  • Class discussion 
Week 16 Week 16

Redefined Day – No Classes 

Term Paper Due – by the end of day!